< International Circulation>: Compared with other atrial fibrillation therapy， what is the advantage of the RAS inhibitor?

    Prof. Schneider:  The main advantage is that they have very low side-effects.  We know that treating patients that have atrial fibrillation can be very difficult.  All the anti-arrhythmic drugs that we have have a substantial amount of side-effects.  Additionally there are surgical procedures that are not free of side-effects.  By using an ACE inhibitor and an ARB which has a very good side-effect profile， that is one of the advantages.  Also， these drugs might actually work on the substrate for atrial fibrillation whereas anti-arrhythmic drugs are also very important， the RAS blockade drugs are also very useful because they work on the substrate or cause of atrial fibrillation.